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In Thailand, the relations between religion and politics are still grounded in ancient world-views wherein karma defines the person's individual situation and the king guarantees the Dharma (or World Order). Dharma has a religious side as well, as exposed in the Buddha's teachings and transmitted by the Sangha (community of Buddhist monks). Accordingly, the king could not only use the Sangha (religion) for the benefit of Dharma (politics), but even intervene in the Sangha' s life to make it truer to its own Dharma (the rule bequeathed by the Buddha, or Vinaya). Since the establishment of the constitutional monarchy, the king still benefits from this traditional view even though daily political responsibilities are no longer his. Governments have used the Sangha to implement some important policies such as the construction of a Thai identity or the struggle against communism. But now that society is more open, they lack the kind of legitimacy that used to allow the king to discipline the Sangha. For their part, the monks want both more protection and more independence.

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